Dead space white marker9/20/2023 For example in several life-threatening viral infections immune responses of single cells correlate with disease progression 1, 2, 3, 4. Single-cell heterogeneity in virus infections involves diverse cellular responses to infections as well as variable infection progressions, which together determine disease outcomes. Our data show that multiplexed quantification of responses at the single-cell level, across thousands of cells helps predict infections and identify new targets for antivirals. The multiplexed imaging of HSV-1-induced cellular modifications links infection progression to changes in signaling responses, transcriptional activity, and processing bodies. Spatial information reveals that infection changes the cellular state of both infected cells and of their neighbors. Here we show that the high-dimensional cellular state scape can predict heterogenous infections, and cells move through the cellular state landscape according to infection progression. To study the multimodal response of single human cells to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, we mapped high-dimensional viral and cellular state spaces throughout the infection using multiplexed imaging and quantitative single-cell measurements of viral and cellular mRNAs and proteins. Prediction, prevention and treatment of virus infections require understanding of cell-to-cell variability that leads to heterogenous disease outcomes, but the source of this heterogeneity has yet to be clarified.
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